Tuesday, 2 July 2013

Leaders's Faces

Do you recognise the faces?
What do they mean to international communities? 
What is their importance to Africa?
Keep- your answer brief



at 1 comment:

Monday, 1 July 2013

HISTORICAL FACTS AND CURRENT AFFAIRS



1.                By 9000 BC, people are already living in different areas of present day Nigeria like Iwo-Eleru and Okigwe
2.                The Nri Kingdom, Onitsha Kingdom, Aboh, the confederal state of Arochukwu, Calabar Kingdom are some examples of early states and kingdoms of modern Nigeria.
3.                The followings are also notable kingdoms and empires which form the former British colony now called Nigeria.
4.                Benin Kingdom,
5.                Borgu kingdom
6.                Huasa-Fulani Caliphate
7.                City states of the Niger Delta like Ibiobio kingdom,
8.                Oyo empire, Songhai empire, Nupe kingdom, Kanem-Bornu empire
9.                In 1851 Lagos was bombarded
10.           In 1861, Lagos was ceded to Britain becoming a crown colony
11.           In 1885, British claims to a West African area of influence was recognized internationally
12.           In 1886, under the leadership of sir Taubman Goldie, the royal Niger Company was chartered
13.           In the Times  newspaper of January 8, 1897,  Flora Shaw, a British journalist who later married Lord Frederick Lugard suggested that the areas over which the Royal Niger company has extended British control be named Nigeria
14.           Royal Niger Company’s territory was taken over by the British government in 1900
15.            In 1906, the colony of Lagos and southern protectorate were united
16.           In 1914, the colony of Lagos, Southern Protectorate and Northern Protectorate were amalgamated. A colonial officer, Lord Frederick Lugard was appointed the Governor General of the new union.
17.           As a result of nationalistic awakening and demands for independence successive constitutions moved Nigeria towards independence.  These constitutions included’
18.           The Clifford Constitution of 1922.
19.           The Hugh Clifford constitution of 1922 is remarkable for introducing elective principle which allows direct election into the legislative council
20.            In 1922, Herbert Macaulay founded the First Nigerian Political Party, The National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroon (NCNC)
21.           In 1946 Richard’s Constitution was enacted. It divided Nigeria into three regions, namely are; Eastern region, Western region and Northern region.
22.            The  Sir John Macpherson  Constitution was promulgated in 1951. It introduced the regional legislative council and public service commission
23.            In 1954, the Oliver Littleton constitution was promulgated. The Littleton constitution introduced the federal principle
24.           On 27 October 1958, Britain agreed that Nigeria would become an independent state
25.           Jaja Wachukwu who became first Nigerian House of representatives speaker, took over from Sir Frederick Melcalfe of Britain in 1959
26.           On first October 1960, Jaja Wachukwu received Nigeria’s Instrument of Independence (also known as Freedom of charter) from princess Alexandra of Kent who was the Queen’s representatives at the Nigeria independence ceremonies
27.           The first political parties to contest elections in post-independent Nigeria were; national convention of Nigerian Citizens (NCNC), Nigeria People’s Congress(NPC), and Action Group (AG)
28.           Nigeria gain independence on 1st, October 1960.
29.           The first government formed after independence was formed by a coalition of two parties-the NCNC and NPC
30.            Northern and southern Cameroon which had been part of Nigeria before Nigeria gained independence were given two options; to stay with Nigeria or to go. Southern Cameroon chose to stay with Nigeria while Northern Cameroon left.
31.            On 7th October 1960, Nigeria was admitted to United Nations as 99th member.
32.           At independence Nigeria practised Parliamentary system of Government
33.            Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikwe was Nigeria’s governor- general after the granting of independence in 1960
34.           The highest court in Nigeria before 1963 was the Royal Privy council in London
35.           In 1963, Nigeria became a republic
36.            With the declaration of Nigeria as a Republic, Nigeria’s highest court becomes the Supreme Court of Nigeria
37.            Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikwe became the First and Last Ceremonial president of Nigeria when Nigeria was declared a Federal Republic in 1963.
38.           While Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa became the first and the last prime minister of Nigeria.
39.           The first fight among Nigeria legislators took place in the Western region legislative house between Akintola’s supporters and Awolowo’s supporters
40.           Nigeria 1965 election produced controversial results which set the new country on the path to civil war
41.           On January 15, 1966  Kaduna Patrick Nzengun, a Nigerian of Delta Igbo extraction led the first Military coup against the civilian government.
42.            Major-general Johnson Thomas Umunakwe Aguinyi-Ironsi, a Nigerian of Igbo extraction foiled the first military coup in Lagos and he became the First Military Head of state in Nigeria on January 16th, 1966
43.           Another coup was staged by the Nigerian army and a young brilliant Nigerian from plateau state, called General Yakubu Gowon became the head of state of Nigeria
44.            In May 1967, Lt. Gol Emeka Odumegwu Ojukwu who was the Military governor of the eastern region declared the independence of the eastern region as the federal republic of Biafra
(PAUSES)
45.            A house divided against itself cannot stand. Divided we fall, united we stand. But things have fallen apart again, and the central could no longer hold. A bloody civil WAR was loosed upon Nigeria.
46.           The Nigerian civil war started in 1967 and ended in 1970. Over 3.5 million Nigerians were killed in the civil war
47.            In 1975, young soldiers who wanted to ensure a return of Nigeria to democratic rule staged another coup. They brought in General Murtala Mohammad Ramat, a Hausa man trained in British Military Academy at Sadhurst as the next military head of state
48.           On February 13 1976, General Murtala Mohammad was assassinated in a coup believed to have been led by Dimka
49.           The Dimka coup was aborted.
50.           General Olusegun Aremu Obasanjo from Ogun state who was chief of army staff under general Murtala Ramat Mohammad government became head of state of Nigeria On February 13, 1976
51.            On October 1st 1979 General Olusegun Aremu Obasanjo handed power to a civilian Government
52.           Nigeria adopted presidential system of Government in 1979
53.           Alhaji Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari became the first civilian Executive president of Nigeria on 1st October 1979. He is from Sokoto in the North.
54.           In 1983, on Newyear’s eve, General Muhammadu Buhari from the northern state of Katsina overthrew the civilian government on charges of corruption
55.           General Muhammadu Buhari ruled Nigeria from December 31st 1983 – August 27th 1985.
56.           In a bloodless palace coup, General Ibrahim Badomasi Banbagidi, a member of the supreme military council overthrew the government of general Muhammadu on the claims that the government misused powers and violated  human rights
57.           In 1989 a new constitution modeled on the 1979 constitution was completed
58.           In October 1989, the military government established two parties, namely the National Republican Convention (NRC) and the Social Democratic Party (SDP). Other parties were not allowed to register
59.            In 1990, 69 accused of plotting a failed coup were executed after secret trials before military tribunals
60.           Violent-free local government elections were held in 1990
61.            In 1991, state legislative elections were held. These elections were later cancelled.
62.           On June 12 1993, presidential election was held. Chief Moshood kashimawo Olawole Abiola won the elections.
63.            On June 23rd, 1993, General Ibrahim Babangida annulled the June 12 presidential election.
64.            The annulment of the presidential election resulted in riots and over one hundred people were killed
65.           Chief Ernest Adegunle Shonekan, A British trained Nigerian lawyer was appointed as interim president of Nigeria on 26, August, 1993 by General ibrahim Baabagida
66.           General Sani Abacha who was Defense Minister overthrew Chief Shonekan and became the de facto president of Nigeria from 1993 to 1998
67.            On 17 August 1994, Sani Abacha dismissed the leadership of the NLC and the Petroleum Unions which called for strikes to protest the arrest of MKO Abiola; placed the two unions under appointed administrators and arrested Frank kokori and other labour leaders
68.            On October 1, 1995, Abacha announced the timetable for a 3-year transition to civilian rule
69.           On the 21st of December 1997, the military government of Sani Abacha arrested General Oladipo diya, ten officers and eight civilian’s accusing them of trying to overthrow him
70.            general Oladipo Diya and eight others were sentenced to death in 1997
71.           On June 8 1998, Abacha died of heart failure
72.            Upon the Death of abacha, General Abdulsalami Abubakar was appointed head of state.
73.            In August 1998, Abubakar appointed the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) to conduct elections
74.            Former Military head of state, General Olusegun Obasanjo contested as a civilian candidate and won the presidential election. On May 29, 1999, the civilian President, chief Olusegun Aremu Obasanjo was sworn in as the president of Nigeria. The fourth republic has thus begun.
75.           In November, 1999 the army destroyed the town of Odi in Bayelsa state killing a good number of civilians as retaliation for the murder of twelve policemen by a local gang.
76.           Over 1000 people were killed in riots in Kaduna between February and May 2000 over the enactment of criminal sharia in the state
77.            In may 2007, Alhaji Umuru Musa Yar’Adua became the president of Nigeria
78.           On 13 January 2010, a federal court gave Dr. Jonathan Ebele Goodluck Azikwe who was Nigeria’s Vice-President, the power to carry out state affairs while President Umaru Yar'Adua was ill and receiving treatment in a hospital in Saudi Arabia.
79.           On May 5th 2010 president Yar’Adua died
80.            Upon the death of President Yar’ Adua, Dr. Jonathan Ebele Goodluck Azikwe became substantive president on 6 May 2010,[13] becoming Nigeria's 14th Head of State
81.            On May 29 2011, Dr. Goodluck Jonathan became elected president of Nigeria. He is the first Niger Deltan to become civilian executive president of Nigeria since independence. The presidential election that brought him to power remain the most fair and most predictable in Nigerian history because he was not just a party candidate but the candidate of majority of Nigerian households.
                                             









at No comments:

HISTORICAL FACTS AND CURRENT AFFAIRS



1.                By 9000 BC, people are already living in different areas of present day Nigeria like Iwo-Eleru and Okigwe
2.                The Nri Kingdom, Onitsha Kingdom, Aboh, the confederal state of Arochukwu, Calabar Kingdom are some examples of early states and kingdoms of modern Nigeria.
3.                The followings are also notable kingdoms and empires which form the former British colony now called Nigeria.
4.                Benin Kingdom,
5.                Borgu kingdom
6.                Huasa-Fulani Caliphate
7.                City states of the Niger Delta like Ibiobio kingdom,
8.                Oyo empire, Songhai empire, Nupe kingdom, Kanem-Bornu empire
9.                In 1851 Lagos was bombarded
10.           In 1861, Lagos was ceded to Britain becoming a crown colony
11.           In 1885, British claims to a West African area of influence was recognized internationally
12.           In 1886, under the leadership of sir Taubman Goldie, the royal Niger Company was chartered
13.           In the Times  newspaper of January 8, 1897,  Flora Shaw, a British journalist who later married Lord Frederick Lugard suggested that the areas over which the Royal Niger company has extended British control be named Nigeria
14.           Royal Niger Company’s territory was taken over by the British government in 1900
15.            In 1906, the colony of Lagos and southern protectorate were united
16.           In 1914, the colony of Lagos, Southern Protectorate and Northern Protectorate were amalgamated. A colonial officer, Lord Frederick Lugard was appointed the Governor General of the new union.
17.           As a result of nationalistic awakening and demands for independence successive constitutions moved Nigeria towards independence.  These constitutions included’
18.           The Clifford Constitution of 1922.
19.           The Hugh Clifford constitution of 1922 is remarkable for introducing elective principle which allows direct election into the legislative council
20.            In 1922, Herbert Macaulay founded the First Nigerian Political Party, The National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroon (NCNC)
21.           In 1946 Richard’s Constitution was enacted. It divided Nigeria into three regions, namely are; Eastern region, Western region and Northern region.
22.            The  Sir John Macpherson  Constitution was promulgated in 1951. It introduced the regional legislative council and public service commission
23.            In 1954, the Oliver Littleton constitution was promulgated. The Littleton constitution introduced the federal principle
24.           On 27 October 1958, Britain agreed that Nigeria would become an independent state
25.           Jaja Wachukwu who became first Nigerian House of representatives speaker, took over from Sir Frederick Melcalfe of Britain in 1959
26.           On first October 1960, Jaja Wachukwu received Nigeria’s Instrument of Independence (also known as Freedom of charter) from princess Alexandra of Kent who was the Queen’s representatives at the Nigeria independence ceremonies
27.           The first political parties to contest elections in post-independent Nigeria were; national convention of Nigerian Citizens (NCNC), Nigeria People’s Congress(NPC), and Action Group (AG)
28.           Nigeria gain independence on 1st, October 1960.
29.           The first government formed after independence was formed by a coalition of two parties-the NCNC and NPC
30.            Northern and southern Cameroon which had been part of Nigeria before Nigeria gained independence were given two options; to stay with Nigeria or to go. Southern Cameroon chose to stay with Nigeria while Northern Cameroon left.
31.            On 7th October 1960, Nigeria was admitted to United Nations as 99th member.
32.           At independence Nigeria practised Parliamentary system of Government
33.            Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikwe was Nigeria’s governor- general after the granting of independence in 1960
34.           The highest court in Nigeria before 1963 was the Royal Privy council in London
35.           In 1963, Nigeria became a republic
36.            With the declaration of Nigeria as a Republic, Nigeria’s highest court becomes the Supreme Court of Nigeria
37.            Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikwe became the First and Last Ceremonial president of Nigeria when Nigeria was declared a Federal Republic in 1963.
38.           While Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa became the first and the last prime minister of Nigeria.
39.           The first fight among Nigeria legislators took place in the Western region legislative house between Akintola’s supporters and Awolowo’s supporters
40.           Nigeria 1965 election produced controversial results which set the new country on the path to civil war
41.           On January 15, 1966 Major General Kaduna Patrick Nzengun, a Nigerian of Delta Igbo extraction led the first Military coup against the civilian government. He said and I quote; “……….
42.            Major-general Johnson Thomas Umunakwe Aguinyi-Ironsi, a Nigerian of Igbo extraction foiled the first military coup in Lagos and he became the First Military Head of state in Nigeria on January 16th, 1966
43.           Another coup was staged by the Nigerian army and a young brilliant Nigerian from plateau state, called General Yakubu Gowon became the head of state of Nigeria
44.            In May 1967, Lt. Gol Emeka Odumegwu Ojukwu who was the Military governor of the eastern region declared the independence of the eastern region as the federal republic of Biafra
(PAUSES)
45.            A house divided against itself cannot stand. Divided we fall, united we stand. But things have fallen apart again, and the central could no longer hold. A bloody civil WAR was loosed upon Nigeria.
46.           The Nigerian civil war started in 1967 and ended in 1970. Over 3.5 million Nigerians were killed in the civil war
47.            In 1975, young soldiers who wanted to ensure a return of Nigeria to democratic rule staged another coup. They brought in General Murtala Mohammad Ramat, a Hausa man trained in British Military Academy at Sadhurst as the next military head of state
48.           On February 13 1976, General Murtala Mohammad was assassinated in a coup believed to have been led by Dimka
49.           The Dimka coup was aborted.
50.           General Olusegun Aremu Obasanjo from Ogun state who was chief of army staff under general Murtala Ramat Mohammad government became head of state of Nigeria On February 13, 1976
51.            On October 1st 1979 General Olusegun Aremu Obasanjo handed power to a civilian Government
52.           Nigeria adopted presidential system of Government in 1979
53.           Alhaji Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari became the first civilian Executive president of Nigeria on 1st October 1979. He is from Sokoto in the North.
54.           In 1983, on Newyear’s eve, General Muhammadu Buhari from the northern state of Katsina overthrew the civilian government on charges of corruption
55.           General Muhammadu Buhari ruled Nigeria from December 31st 1983 – August 27th 1985.
56.           In a bloodless palace coup, General Ibrahim Badomasi Banbagidi, a member of the supreme military council overthrew the government of general Muhammadu on the claims that the government misused powers and violated  human rights
57.           In 1989 a new constitution modeled on the 1979 constitution was completed
58.           In October 1989, the military government established two parties, namely the National Republican Convention (NRC) and the Social Democratic Party (SDP). Other parties were not allowed to register
59.            In 1990, 69 accused of plotting a failed coup were executed after secret trials before military tribunals
60.           Violent-free local government elections were held in 1990
61.            In 1991, state legislative elections were held. These elections were later cancelled.
62.           On June 12 1993, presidential election was held. Chief Moshood kashimawo Olawole Abiola won the elections.
63.            On June 23rd, 1993, General Ibrahim Babangida annulled the June 12 presidential election.
64.            The annulment of the presidential election resulted in riots and over one hundred people were killed
65.           Chief Ernest Adegunle Shonekan, A British trained Nigerian lawyer was appointed as interim president of Nigeria on 26, August, 1993 by General ibrahim Baabagida
66.           General Sani Abacha who was Defense Minister overthrew Chief Shonekan and became the de facto president of Nigeria from 1993 to 1998
67.            On 17 August 1994, Sani Abacha dismissed the leadership of the NLC and the Petroleum Unions which called for strikes to protest the arrest of MKO Abiola; placed the two unions under appointed administrators and arrested Frank kokori and other labour leaders
68.            On October 1, 1995, Abacha announced the timetable for a 3-year transition to civilian rule
69.           On the 21st of December 1997, the military government of Sani Abacha arrested General Oladipo diya, ten officers and eight civilian’s accusing them of trying to overthrow him
70.            general Oladipo Diya and eight others were sentenced to death in 1997
71.           On June 8 1998, Abacha died of heart failure
72.            Upon the Death of abacha, General Abdulsalami Abubakar was appointed head of state.
73.            In August 1998, Abubakar appointed the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) to conduct elections
74.            Former Military head of state, General Olusegun Obasanjo contested as a civilian candidate and won the presidential election. On May 29, 1999, the civilian President, chief Olusegun Aremu Obasanjo was sworn in as the president of Nigeria. The fourth republic has thus begun.
75.           In November, 1999 the army destroyed the town of Odi in Bayelsa state killing a good number of civilians as retaliation for the murder of twelve policemen by a local gang.
76.           Over 1000 people were killed in riots in Kaduna between February and May 2000 over the enactment of criminal sharia in the state
77.            In may 2007, Alhaji Umuru Musa Yar’Adua became the president of Nigeria
78.           On 13 January 2010, a federal court gave Dr. Jonathan Ebele Goodluck Azikwe who was Nigeria’s Vice-President, the power to carry out state affairs while President Umaru Yar'Adua was ill and receiving treatment in a hospital in Saudi Arabia.
79.           On May 5th 2010 president Yar’Adua died
80.            Upon the death of President Yar’ Adua, Dr. Jonathan Ebele Goodluck Azikwe became substantive president on 6 May 2010,[13] becoming Nigeria's 14th Head of State
81.            On May 29 2011, Dr. Goodluck Jonathan became elected president of Nigeria. He is the first Niger Deltan to become civilian executive president of Nigeria since independence. The presidential election that brought him to power remain the most fair and most predictable in Nigerian history because he was not just a party candidate but the candidate of majority of Nigerian households.
                                             









at No comments:
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